Nystagmus is a visual condition that involves involuntary, rhythmic eye movements. These movements can cause difficulties in focusing and can affect a person’s ability to see clearly. Nystagmus can vary in severity and may be present at birth or develop later in life.

Nystagmus is characterised by repetitive, uncontrolled movements of the eyes, which can be side-to-side (horizontal), up and down (vertical), or even rotary (circular). These movements can vary in speed and intensity.

Nystagmus can be congenital (present at birth) and may be due to underlying medical conditions or genetic factors. Acquired nystagmus can develop later in life due to various factors such as neurological conditions, inner ear problems, medications, or trauma.

Common symptoms of nystagmus include blurred or fluctuating vision, sensitivity to light (photophobia), reduced depth perception, and difficulties with tasks that require steady focus, such as reading or driving.

People with congenital nystagmus may not experience any symptoms.

A comprehensive eye examination is crucial for diagnosing nystagmus. An eye care professional will assess the eye movements, visual acuity, and other ocular functions to determine the presence and types of nystagmus.

Nystagmus can have a hereditary component. It may be passed down from parents to their children. However, not all cases of nystagmus are genetic; some can be acquired due to underlying medical or neurological conditions.

Nystagmus is generally not curable, but its effects can be managed. Treatment options include corrective lenses, low vision aids, support services and in some cases, surgery. The goal of treatment is to improve visual function, reduce symptoms, and enhance the individual’s quality of life.

While nystagmus may not be completely curable, various management strategies can help improve visual function and quality of life. These may include:

• Corrective Lenses: Prescription glasses or contact lenses can help improve visual clarity. 
• Surgery: In some cases, surgical interventions may be considered to address underlying issues contributing to nystagmus.
• Low Vision Aids: Devices like magnifiers and electronic aids can assist with reading and other visual tasks.
• Support Services: Individuals with nystagmus can benefit from support groups, counselling, and educational resources to cope with the challenges.

People with nystagmus can make certain adjustments to their daily routines to manage the condition better:

• Optimal Lighting: Use appropriate lighting to reduce glare and enhance visibility.
• Large Print and High Contrast: Reading materials with larger print and high-contrast colours can make reading easier.
• Regular Eye Exams: Schedule routine eye exams to monitor the condition and adjust treatments as needed.

1. Nystagmus Network (UK)
2. Nystagmus Information Pack
3. Blind and Low Vision Education Network NZ